Height of shock formation in the solar corona inferred from observations of type II radio bursts and coronal mass ejections

Employing coronagraphic and EUV observations close to the solar surface made by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we determined the heliocentric distance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the starting time of associated metric type II bursts. We used the wave diameter and leading edge methods and measured the CME heights for a set of 32 metric type II bursts from solar cycle 24. We minimized the projection effects by making the measurements from a view that is roughly orthogonal to the direction of the ejection. We also chose image frames close to the onset times of the type II bursts, so no extrapolation was necessary. We found that the CMEs were located in the heliocentric distance range from 1.20 to 1.93 solar radii (Rs), with mean and median values of 1.43 and 1.38 Rs, respectively. We conclusively find that the shock formation can occur at heights substantially below 1.5 Rs. In a few cases, the CME height at type II onset was close to 2 Rs. In these cases, the starting frequency of the type II bursts was very low, in the range 25–40 MHz, which confirms that the shock can also form at larger heights. The starting frequencies of metric type II bursts have a weak correlation with the measured CME/shock heights and are consistent with the rapid decline of density with height in the inner corona.     

超宽带无线电引信接收机时域建模与仿真

为得到弹目交会过程中超宽带无线电引信接收机的时域输出信号,实现高速交会条件下引信接收机的性能优化,推导了取样积分微分电路的时域数学模型,提出了一种基于无载波信号时域多普勒效应的接收机输出信号时域仿真方法.弹目接近速度对接收机输出信号的影响研究表明,输出信号频率与弹目接近速度成正比;信号幅度与弹目接近速度关系曲线存在速度驻点.选择合理的积分、微分电容可设置恰当的速度驻点,提高引信的抗干扰性能.     

一种航天器单脉冲差模角跟踪系统的标定及测试方法

介绍了航天器单脉冲差模角跟踪系统的组成和基本原理;针对捕获跟踪系统性能与射频通道相位特性的相关性,提出了在无线状态下通过用户目标在一定范围内按一定轨迹运动进行射频通道相位标定及跟踪性能测试的方法;在此基础上进一步提出了利用信号源模拟用户目标在角跟踪系统天线坐标系下不同位置时天线输出的射频信号,进行有线状态下射频通道性能的测试方法。标定及测试方法通过地面试验验证了可行性和有效性,可用于航天器单脉冲差模角跟踪系统在地面的通道相位标定、跟踪性能测试和射频通道性能测试,以实现角跟踪系统对用户目标高精度、稳定的跟踪。     

考虑气动力非线性的柔性飞机阵风响应分析

针对大展弦比柔性飞机阵风响应问题,考虑在大攻角(AOA)情况下气动力非线性的影响,通过将修正的Theodorsen方法与片条理论相结合,得到非线性的时域非定常气动力;在此基础上,建立阵风干扰下的大展弦比柔性飞机非线性气动弹性模型,完整地发展了一种新颖的可考虑气动力非线性的大展弦比柔性飞机阵风响应分析方法.结合算例模型开展方法验证和数值仿真,对比翼尖和质心(CG)处阵风附加过载在线性和非线性情况下的变化.算例结果表明,考虑大攻角情况下的气动力非线性后,大展弦比飞机的阵风响应较线性情况有明显变化,翼尖处的阵风附加过载最多可减少41.7%,气动力非线性的影响不可忽视.      

Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from TanDEM-X and comparison with TerraSAR-X

On 21 June 2010 the TerraSAR-X satellite was joined by the TanDEM-X satellite. A Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) experiment using the twin satellites has been carried out to estimate the precision of GPS atmospheric soundings. For the Day Of Year (DOY) 330–336, 2011, we analyze phase and amplitude data recorded by GPS receivers separated by a few hundred meters in a low earth orbit and derive collocated atmospheric refractivity profiles. In the altitude range 10–20 km the standard deviation between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity does not exceed 0.15%. The standard deviation is rapidly increasing for lower and higher altitudes; close to the surface and at an altitude of 30 km the standard deviation reaches 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Systematic deviations between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity in the considered altitude range (0–30 km) are negligible. The results confirm the anticipated high precision of the GPS RO technique. However, the difference in the retrieved refractivity in the lower troposphere for different Open Loop (OL) signal tracking parameters, altered onboard TanDEM-X for DOY 49–55, 2012, calls for an in depth analysis. At the moment we can not exclude that a potential bias in the OL Doppler model introduces a bias in our retrieved refractivity at altitudes <8$<8$ km.     

Assessment of precision in ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved by GPS radio occultations

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) is a six satellite radio occultation mission that was launched in April 2006. The close proximity of these satellites during some months after launch provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the precision of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) retrievals of ionospheric electron density from nearly collocated and simultaneous observations. RO data from 30 consecutive days during July and August 2006 are divided into ten groups in terms of daytime or nighttime and latitude. In all cases, the best precision values (about 1%) are found at the F peak height and they slightly degrade upwards. For all daytime groups, it is seen that electron density profiles above about 120 km height exhibit a substantial improvement in precision. Nighttime groups are rather diverse: in particular, the precision becomes better than 10% above different levels between 120 and 200 km height. Our overall results show that up to 100–200 km (depending on each group), the uncertainty associated with the precision is in the order of the measured electron density values. Even worse, the retrieved values tend sometimes to be negative. Although we cannot rely directly on electron density values at these altitudes, the shape of the profiles could be indicative of some ionospheric features (e.g. waves and sporadic E layers). Above 200 km, the profiles of precision are qualitatively quite independent from daytime or latitude. From all the nearly collocated pairs studied, only 49 exhibited a difference between line of sight angles of both RO at the F peak height larger than 10°. After analyzing them we find no clear indications of a significant representativeness error in electron density profiles due to the spherical assumption above 120 km height. Differences in precision between setting and rising GPS RO may be attributed to the modification of the processing algorithms applied to rising cases during the initial period of the COSMIC mission.     

基于卷积盲分离的强干扰下通信信号分离算法

针对目前通信辐射源个体识别算法在实际试验中由于各类干扰信号和多径衰落导致识别率较低的问题,提出一种用于识别算法前端的信号分离算法,可有效地减少其他电磁信号对于识别算法输入信号的影响,从而提高在复杂电磁环境中通信辐射源个体识别的正确识别率。该算法将灾变策略和搜索状态的自适应引入量子粒子群算法,通过对混合信号的联合对角化从截获的观测信号中提取出目标通信辐射源的有用信号。为了更加系统、直观地衡量算法的分离效果,提出分离熵来量化算法的整体性能。仿真结果表明,该分离算法可以把目标通信辐射源的有用信号从复杂电磁环境中提取出来,从而提高通信辐射源个体识别在复杂电磁环境中的正确识别率,具有较好的可行性和有效性。     

一种星间设备系统偏差的标定方法

针对Ka波段测距体制中星间测距设备系统偏差标定困难从而影响自主导航精度的问题,提出用星地无线电双向时间比对的方法标定星间设备系统偏差。通过两条星地双向链路并在这两颗卫星间建立一条星间双向链路进行标定。结果表明：该方法能够标定星间设备系统偏差,其RMS优于1ns,从而起到提高星间时间同步精度的目的。     

基于器间测量的火星进入过程实时高精度导航

精确着陆于火星特定目标区域是未来火星着陆探测的关键技术。面向火星精确着陆需求,研究火星进入过程中基于器间测量的实时高精度导航方法具有重要意义。该方法利用火星已有的环绕探测器,在着陆器接近进入过程中,通过无线电链路获得量测信息,结合器上滤波算法实时估计着陆器的位置与速度状态。仿真结果显示该导航方法可有效提高进入过程中的导航精度。     

受限空间中天线产生的电波覆盖研究

受限空间中的有效电波覆盖直接影响通信质量和可靠性,对天线系统的布局优化尤为重要.然而现有的研究很少考虑本来就处于隧道中的天线参数对电波覆盖的影响.针对铁路隧道这种特殊的受限空间情况首先介绍了电波覆盖的研究方法和现状,然后利用射线追踪方法、波导模式方法和矢量抛物方程方法对电波覆盖进行了预估,针对笔形方向图的特征采用高斯方向图重点研究了不同的天线主瓣宽度、波束指向以及在隧道截面的位置对电波覆盖的影响,分析了沿隧道轴向不同区域内电波覆盖的不同特征,最后研究了受限空间中电波覆盖的三段式模型.本文的方法和模型可以为隧道内的天线选型及优化布局提供理论依据和参考.